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Dr. Matthew Hummel is an orthopaedic surgeon at OrthoCincy Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine. He sees patients at OrthoCincy’s Edgewood location.

What is joint replacement surgery and why do people have it?
Joint replacement surgery replaces a damaged joint with a metal, plastic or ceramic joint. The artificial joint is smooth and durable. It can mimic the movement of a healthy joint. The goal of surgery is to get people back to enjoying life and being as active as they want to be.

Most people who have joint replacement surgery are suffering from osteoarthritis. This common condition causes the cartilage and tissues in the joints to break down. Cartilage is the flexible, rubbery tissue that protects joints and helps bones move smoothly. When it breaks down, you can have symptoms such as:

• • A feeling that the joint is unstable
  • Crackling, popping or locking in the joint
  • Joint stiffness
  • Pain or swelling in the joint
  • Reduced range of motion

The most common joint replacement surgeries are for knees and hips. The average age for a joint replacement in the U.S. is about 65.

When should people consider joint replacement surgery?
Joint replacement surgery may be a good option if your symptoms interfere with your ability to enjoy life. For example, the pain may keep you up at night, or you can’t walk your dog or play on the floor with your grandkids.

If you are dealing with joint issues, I encourage you to see an orthopaedic specialist. The specialist will do a physical exam and take X-rays of your painful joint. Surgery usually isn’t the first treatment option. Instead, your doctor may prescribe conservative therapies such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines and pain-relief injections. If symptoms persist, it may be time to consider joint replacement surgery.

Are new advancements leading to better outcomes for joint replacement?
Joint Replacement Surgery is evolving quickly. We are seeing great improvements in technology, instrumentation and knowledge. A few examples include:

• • Better pain control strategies
  • Evidence-based exercise strategies that restore range of motion faster than previous methods
  • New information about how nutrition and supplements can enhance healing
  • Robotic surgery systems that improve accuracy

Minimally invasive techniques continue to evolve as well. These procedures use smaller incisions and specialized instruments. The result is shorter recoveries and less post-operative pain than traditional “open” surgeries. Many patients can return home on the day of surgery.

What are the keys to success for joint replacement surgery?
I can think of three. First, find an orthopaedic surgeon you like and trust. Request a referral from your primary care doctor or ask friends for their recommendations.

Second, do everything you can to optimize your health before surgery. This can reduce your risk of complications and help you heal faster. Your doctor can give you specifics, but some good steps include losing weight if you are overweight and, if you smoke, trying to quit.

Third, remember that the days and weeks after surgery are critical. You will need to have physical therapy. It’s important to follow the rehabilitation plan carefully. Effort, a positive attitude and communication with your care team lead to better outcomes.

What’s one more thing you wish patients knew about joint replacement surgery?
Many people cope with their symptoms for years before deciding to have surgery. Ironically, these are often the same people who say they wish they hadn’t waited so long. Joint replacement surgery can give you a new lease on life. An experienced orthopaedic specialist can help you find out if it’s a good option for you.